Engineering strategies to address immune and delivery barriers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a barrier-matched translational framework

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies, largely owing to profound therapeutic resistance driven by tumor heterogeneity, a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), dense desmoplastic stroma, immune exclusion, and impaired antitumor immune…